Copper

What is copper?

Copper is a heavy metal with excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. It has a distinctive reddish colour and has been used in various industries for thousands of years. Thanks to its high corrosion resistance and good machinability, copper is an essential material in modern manufacturing technology.

Properties of copper

High electrical and thermal conductivity

Copper is one of the most conductive metals and is therefore preferably used in electrical engineering and electronics. It ensures efficient current and heat transfer, thereby minimising energy losses.

Corrosion resistance

Copper forms a natural patina that protects it from further oxidation. This makes it ideal for outdoor applications, pipes and other durable components.

Good formability and strength

Thanks to its ductility, copper can easily be formed into various shapes. This makes it ideal for applications in metalworking, particularly in turning and milling.

Antibacterial effect

Copper has natural antimicrobial properties, which is why it is frequently used in medical technology and in drinking water pipes to reduce the spread of germs.

Applications of copper

Copper in metalworking

Copper is frequently used in CNC turning and milling processes. Due to its softness, it requires precise tools in order to achieve a high surface quality and avoid burrs.

Electrical industry and circuit boards

Due to its excellent conductivity, copper is the preferred material for cables, circuit boards and other electronic components. Its low electrical resistance contributes to the efficiency of electrical circuits.

Mechanical and plant engineering

Copper is used in cooling and heat exchanger systems because it dissipates heat quickly. It is also used in high-performance motors and gear components.

Construction and sanitary engineering

Copper pipes are used in water pipes and heating systems because they are corrosion-resistant and do not release any harmful substances into the water. Copper is also used in roof coverings and façades due to its durability and aesthetic properties.

Copper alloys

There are numerous copper alloys that have different properties depending on the application:

• Brass (copper-zinc): High strength and good corrosion resistance.
• Bronze (copper-tin): Wear-resistant and resistant to chemical influences.
• Copper-nickel alloys: High resistance to salt water, ideal for maritime applications.

Machining of copper

The CNC machining of copper presents some challenges, but requires specialised techniques:

• Tools: Sharp cutting edges and special coatings to reduce tool wear.
• Coolants: Effective cooling prevents overheating and material adhesion.
• Milling strategies: Precise feed rates and speeds optimise the machining quality.

Sustainability and recycling

Copper is one of the most frequently recycled metals. Through recycling, the energy input can be reduced by up to 85 % compared with primary extraction. This makes copper an environmentally friendly material with high sustainability.

Conclusion

Due to its unique properties, copper is an essential component of many industries. Whether in electrical engineering, in mechanical engineering or in sanitary engineering – copper offers an optimal combination of conductivity, resistance and machinability, which makes it an indispensable material in modern manufacturing.