Toughness

The toughness of a material describes the material's ability to absorb and store energy before it finally fractures. This energy absorption occurs through deformation or other types of energy conversion.

This means that a tough material is able to absorb significant amounts of energy through plastic deformation or other mechanisms without failing immediately. Toughness is often regarded as a measure of a material's resistance to sudden and strong loads, as it reflects the amount of work that is stored in the material until the fracture point is reached.

A material with high toughness can therefore withstand extreme conditions better by absorbing and distributing more energy before it fractures.